| The Right Honourable Michael Joseph Savage MP |
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|---|---|
| Michael Joseph Savage in the 1920s. | |
| 23rd Prime Minister of New Zealand | |
| In office 6 December 1935 – 27 March 1940 |
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| Monarch | George V Edward VIII George VI |
| Governor General | George Monckton-Arundell |
| Preceded by | George William Forbes |
| Succeeded by | Peter Fraser |
| Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Auckland West |
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| In office 1919 – 27 March 1940 |
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| Succeeded by | Peter Carr |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 23 March 1872 Tatong Victoria Australia |
| Died | 27 March 1940 (aged 68) Wellington New Zealand |
| Political party | Labour |
| Profession | Trade unionist |
| Religion | Initially Roman Catholicism, then Rationalism, then Roman Catholicism again |
Michael Joseph Savage (23 March 1872 – 27 March 1940) was the first Labour Prime Minister of New Zealand. He is commonly known as the architect of the welfare state and is constantly regarded as one of New Zealand's greatest and revered Prime Ministers. He was given the title New Zealander of the Century by the New Zealand Herald in 1999.
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Born in Tatong, Victoria, Australia, Savage first became involved in politics while working in that state. He emigrated to New Zealand in 1907. There he worked in a variety of jobs, as a miner, flax-cutter and storeman, before becoming involved in the union movement. Savage initially opposed the formation of the 1910 New Zealand Labour Party as he viewed the grouping as insufficiently socialistic. Instead he became the chairman of the New Zealand Federation of Labour, known as the "Red Feds".[1]
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| Years | Term | Electorate | Party | |
| 1919–1922 | 20th | Auckland West | Labour | |
| 1922–1925 | 21st | Auckland West | Labour | |
| 1925–1928 | 22nd | Auckland West | Labour | |
| 1928–1931 | 23rd | Auckland West | Labour | |
| 1931–1935 | 24th | Auckland West | Labour | |
| 1935–1938 | 25th | Auckland West | Labour | |
| 1938–1940 | 26th | Auckland West | Labour | |
In the 1911 general election Savage unsuccessfully stood as the Socialist candidate for Auckland Central, coming second and beaten by Albert Glover of the Liberal Party.[1][2] During World War I he opposed conscription, arguing that the conscription of wealth should precede the conscription of men. After the war the voters of the Auckland West electorate put Savage into Parliament as a Labour member in the 1919 general election, an electorate that he held until his death.[3] He became one of eight Labour Members of Parliament, and in due course became the party leader following the death of Harry Holland in 1933. He helped engineer the Labour/Rātana alliance (formalised in 1936).
During the depression, Savage toured the country, and became an iconic figure. An excellent speaker, he became the most visible politician in the land, and led Labour to victory in the 1935 election. Along with the Premiership he appointed himself the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Maori Affairs. The first Labour government swiftly proved popular and easily won the 1938 general election with an increased popular mandate. Savage, suffering from cancer of the colon at the time, had delayed seeking treatment to participate in the election campaign. He died from the cancer in 1940.
Savage led the country into World War II, officially declaring war on Nazi Germany on 3 September 1939, just hours after Britain.[4] Unlike Australia, which felt obligated to declare war, as it too had not ratified the Statute of Westminster, New Zealand did so as a sign of allegiance to Britain, and in recognition of Britain's abandoning its former appeasement of the dictators, a policy that New Zealand had opposed. This led to Prime Minister Savage declaring (from his bed) two days later that:
With gratitude for the past and confidence in the future we range ourselves without fear beside Britain. Where she goes, we go; where she stands, we stand. We are only a small and young nation, but we march with a union of hearts and souls to a common destiny.
Savage brought an almost religious fervour to his politics. This, and his death while in office, has made him become something of an iconic figure to the Left. The architect of the welfare state (see Social welfare in New Zealand), his picture reportedly hung in many Labour supporters' homes. Savage rejected rationalism during later life and returned to his Catholic roots. His state funeral included a Requiem Mass celebrated at the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Hill St, Wellington before his body was taken amidst general and public mourning by train to Auckland where he was interred initially in a temporarily adapted harbour defence gun installation. He was soon after removed to a side chapel of St Patrick's Cathedral in Auckland, while a national competition was announced, decided, and the winning design of the monumental tomb and memorial gardens at Bastion Point constructed, forming his permanent resting site. While younger generations have less awareness of him, many older New Zealanders continue to revere him.
He was a life-long bachelor, and lived with Alf and Elizabeth French in Auckland from 1908 until he died. Alf came to New Zealand in 1894 on the ship Wairarapa which was wrecked on Great Barrier Island, and helped in the rescue of a girl. Savage also served as the patron of the New Zealand Rugby League.[5]
Savage lies buried at Bastion Point on Auckland's Waitemata Harbour waterfront in the Savage Memorial,[6] a clifftop mausoleum crowned by a tall minaret, and fronted by an extensive memorial garden and reflecting pool.
Michael Joseph Savage is revered from all sides of the political spectrum and is known as the architect of the New Zealand Welfare State. He is considered by academics and historians to be New Zealand's most loved Prime Minister.
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